2013考研英语一阅读？answer to 1.(对刺激)起反应，对…有反应；响应；产生做用(或效果):The cow answered to its cowboy's touch.牛对牛仔的轻击做出了反应。2.对(…的称呼)做出反应；名叫，叫做：The child answers only to its nickname.你只有叫那孩子的外号，他才答应。3.负有责任，对…负责，那么，2013考研英语一阅读？一起来了解一下吧。
Text 4
On a five to three vote,the Supreme Court knocked out much of Arizona's immigration law Monday-a modest policy victory for the Obama Aministration.But on the more important matter of the Constitution,the decision was an 8-0 defeat for the federal government and the states.
An arizona.United States,the majority overturned three of the four contested provisions of Arizona's controversial plan to have state and local police enfour federal immigrations law.The Constitutional principles that Washington alone has the power to "establish a uniform Rule of Anturalization" and that federal laws precede state laws are noncontroversial.Arizona had attempted to fashion state police that ran to the existing federal ones.
Justice Anthony Kennedy,joined by Chief Justice John Roberts and the Court's liberals,ruled that the state flew too close to the federal sun .On the overturned provisions the majority held the congress had deliberately "occupied the field " and Arizona had thus intruded on the federal's privileged powers
However,the Justices said that Arizona police would be allowed to verify the legal status of people who come in contact with law enforcement.That’s because Congress has always envisioned joint federal-state immigration enforcement and explicitly encourages state officers to share information and cooperate with federal colleagues.
Two of the three objecting Justice-Samuel Alito and Clarence Thomas-agreed with this Constitutional logic but disagreed about which Arizona rules conflicted with the federal statute. The only major objection came from Justice Antonin Scalia,who offered an even more robust defense of state privileges going back to the alien and Sedition Acts.
The 8-0 objection to President Obama tures on what Justice Samuel Alito describes in his objection as “a shocking assertion assertion of federal executive power”. The White House argued tha Arizona’s laws conflicted with its enforcement priorities, even if state laws complied with federal statutes to the letter. In effect, the White House claimed that it could invalidate any otherwise legitimate state law that it disagrees with.
Some powers do belong exclusively to the federal government,and control of citizenship and the borders is among them. But if Congress wanted to prevent states from using their own resources to check immigration status,it could.It could.It never did so.The administration was in essence asserting that because it didn't want to carry out Congress's immigration wishes,no state should be allowed to do so either.Every Justice rightly rejected this remarkable claim.
36. Three provisions of Arizona’s plan were overturned because they
[A] deprived the federal police of Constitutional powers.
[B] disturbed the power balance between different states.
[C] overstepped the authority of federal immigration law.
[D] contradicted both the federal and state policies.
37. On which of the following did the Justices agree,according to Paragraph4?
[A] Federal officers’ duty to withhold immigrants’information.
[B] States’ independence from federal immigration law.
[C] States’ legitimate role in immigration enforcement.
[D] Congress’s intervention in immigration enforcement.
38. It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that the Alien and Sedition Acts
[A] violated the Constitution.
[B] undermined the states’ interests.
[C] supported the federal statute.
[D] stood in favor of the states.
39. The White House claims that its power of enforcement
[A] outweighs that held by the states.
[B] is dependent on the states’ support.
[C] is established by federal statutes.
[D] rarely goes against state laws.
40. What can be learned from the last paragraph?
[A] Immigration issues are usually decided by Congress.
[B] Justices intended to check the power of the Administrstion.
[C] Justices wanted to strengthen its coordination with Congress.
[D] The Administration is dominant over immigration issues.
【INO老师回答】
书上给的翻译不妥.此题出处：2013年考研英语（一）阅读理解A 的文章.
建议译为：实际上,白宫声称可以使任何那些它不赞同的州立法律都变得不合法.
【句子结构分析详解】In effect 实际上（固定短语）the White House 主句主语claimed 谓语动词（时态：一般过去时）that it could invalidate any otherwise legitimate state law that it disagrees with. than引导的宾语从句宾语从句中：代词it做主语,代替的是the White House白宫could 情态动词,表委婉语气,一般译为“可以”,后加动词原形invalidate 宾语从句中的谓语动词,译为“使不合法”any otherwise any在此处为形容词,表“任何”； otherwise 在此处相当于other,代词,表“其他的”,在本句中any otherwise=any other,表“任何其他的”legitimate state law 宾语从句中的宾语,译为“州立法律”that it disagrees with. 后置定语从句修饰 legitimate state law ,that在定语从句中充 当宾语,代指 legitimate state law,而在此定语从句中,主语是it,谓语动词 是disagrees with.that引导的后置定语从句的作用是：进一步说明什么样的州立法 律,什么样的呢?就是it disagrees with 白宫不赞同的州立法律,代词it指代the White House 白宫.
如还有问题,请追问,希望对你有所帮助.,9,any otherwise 否则任何
我觉得就是翻译中的否决,1,联系这篇文章,1,any 和 otherwise 不是连用的，any用来修饰state law，otherwise的意思是不同的或不相符的，otherwise legitimate 意思是不正当，不合法的， 白宫声称它可以废除任何它不赞同的州法， 其实就是你上面的 白宫宣称，如果他不同意州合法制定的法律条文，那它就可以否决这些条文...,0,一个英语句子不太懂
In effect,the White House claimed that it could invalidate any otherwise legitimate state law that it
disagrees with.
这句话书上给的翻译是：实际上,白宫宣称,如果他不同意州合法制定的法律条文,那它就可以否决这些条文
这句话中 any otherwise 应该如何理解呢?在给的这个翻译中哪点体现的?
你说的这个应该是2013年的英语一的第二篇阅读：
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An old saying has it that half of all advertising budgets are wasted-the trouble is, no one knows which half . In the internet age, at least in theory ,this fraction can be much reduced . By watching what people search for, click on and say online, companies can aim “behavioural” ads at those most likely to buy.
In the past couple of weeks a quarrel has illustrated the value to advertisers of such fine-grained information: Should advertisers assume that people are happy to be tracked and sent behavioural ads? Or should they have explicit permission?
In December 2010 America's Federal Trade Cornmission (FTC) proposed adding a "do not track "(DNT) option to internet browsers ,so that users could tell adwertisers that they did not want to be followed .Microsoft's Internet Explorer and Apple's Safari both offer DNT ;Google's Chrome is due to do so this year. In February the FTC and Digltal Adwertising Alliance (DAA) agreed that the industry would get cracking on responging to DNT requests.
On May 31st Microsoft Set off the row: It said that Internet Explorer 10,the version due to appear windows 8, would have DNT as a default.
It is not yet clear how advertisers will respond. Geting a DNT signal does not oblige anyone to stop tracking, although some companies have promised to do so. Unable to tell whether someone really objects to behavioural ads or whether they are sticking with Microsoft’s default, some may ignore a DNT signal and press on anyway.
Also unclear is why Microsoft has gone it alone. Atter all, it has an ad business too, which it says will comply with DNT requests, though it is still working out how. If it is trying to upset Google, which relies almost wholly on default will become the norm. DNT does not seem an obviously huge selling point for windows 8-though the firm has compared some of its other products favourably with Google's on that count before. Brendon Lynch, Microsoft's chief privacy officer, bloggde:"we believe consumers should have more control." Could it really be that simple?
对 先行词是surprising amount 后面是that引导的定语从句we can say with considerable assurance.
隐含的完整距离就是we can say a surprising amount with considerable assurance
answer to
1.
(对刺激)起反应，对…有反应；响应；产生做用(或效果):
The cow answered to its cowboy's touch.
牛对牛仔的轻击做出了反应。
2.
对(…的称呼)做出反应；名叫，叫做：
The child answers only to its nickname.
你只有叫那孩子的外号，他才答应。
3.
负有责任，对…负责，为…的后果负责，须做交代，对…负责做出解释，向…负责说明：
The directors had to answer to the stock holders for loss.
该损失董事们要向股东做出交代。
4.
与(描述等)相符，和…相合；像：
He answers to the description.
他与描述相符。
5.
适合于，符合：
That answers precisely to our need.
那正符合我们的需要。
6.
(飞机、船、汽车等)对…做出反应；听从(使唤、控制)，服从：
The sails are not answering to our pull on the ropes.
我们拉绳风帆不听使唤。
以上就是2013考研英语一阅读的全部内容，这个句子主干部分为people will only start shopping moe sustainabl，从句为when 引导的条件状语从句，该从句为省略句，not to 后省略了主句中的shop more substainably. can't afford not to 两个not ，双重否定。翻译为：只有当人们支付不起不能消费的的时候，才会进行可持续消费。
